1 Introduction.

2 Fundamentals of Non-Volatile Memories. 2.2 Non-Volatile Storage Element - Cell Operation Modes. 2.3 Non-Volatile Cell - Electron and Non-Electron based. 2.4 Flash Memory Array. 2.5 Memory Building Blocks. 2.6 Flash Memory Algorithm and Vth Window Definition. 2.7 Multiple Bits per Cell Area - Flash Memory Concepts. 2.8 Summary of NVM Fundamentals.

3 Performance Figures of Non-Volatile Memories. 3.1 Memory Performance Parameter Definition. 3.2 Performance Parameters for Flash Memories. 3.3 Performance and Durability. 3.4 Performance Parameter and Durability Summary.

4 Fundamentals of Reliability for Flash Memories. 4.1 Reliability Parameter based on Vth Window Margin Analysis. 4.2 Data Integrity - Data Retention Parameter. 4.3 Reliability Parameter Endurance - Number of Writes. 4.4 4.5 Reliability Margin Optimization on Product Level. 4.6 Flash Memory Reliability Summary.

5 Memory based System Development and Optimization. 5.1 5.2 Memory-Centric System Specification. 5.3 Memory Efficiency Parameters for Competitiveness. 5.4 Memory System Optimization. 5.5 Summary - Flash Memory based System Optimization.

6 Memory Optimization - Key Performance Indicator Methodology. 6.1 Performance, Cost per bit, and Reliability Optimization. 6.2 Definition of Performance Indicators. 6.3 Definition of a Performance Indicator Model . 6.4 Application of Performance Indicator Methodology. 6.5 Performance Indicator Methodology Summary.

7 System Optimization based on Performance Indicator Models. 7.1 7.2 Economic Principles of memory-centric System Development. 7.3 System Optimization based on Memory Array differences. 7.4 Integral Memory-centric System Optimization. 7.5 Failure Tolerant Systems - Design for Durability.

8 Conclusion and Outlook. 8.1 8.2 Summary. 8.3 Outlook for Flash Memories.

9 References.

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