Introduction.- Functional Organization of the Visual System.- Part I: Development of the Visual System.- Development of Visual Capabilities.- Anatomical Development of the Visual System.- Development of Receptive Field Properties.- Part II: Amblyopia and the Effects of Visual Deprivation.- Modifications to the Visual Input that lead to Nervous System changes.- Known Physiological and Anatomical changes from optical and motor deficits.- What is Amblyopia?.- Critical Periods.- Treatment of Amblyopia.- Part III: Mechanisms of Plasticity.- Concepts of Plasticity.- Mechanisms of Plasticity in the Visual Cortex.- Deprivation Myopia and Emmetropization.- Index.