1. Introduction.- Part I: Analytical and Numerical Foundations.- 2. Analytical Background.- 3. FEM for Linear Problems.- 4. Concepts for Discretized Problems.- Part II: Approximation of Classical Formulations.- 5. The Obstacle Problem.- 6. The Allen-Cahn Equation.- 7. Harmonic Maps.- 8. Bending Problems.- Part III: Methods for Extended Formulations.- 9. Nonconvexity and Microstructure.- 10. Free Discontinuities.- 11. Elastoplasticity.- Auxiliary Routines.- Frequently Used Notation.- Index.