Achievement Motivation: Perspectives, Influences and Outcomes aims to examine the definition and measurement of achievement motivation in sport. A systematic search of the literature was undertaken to identify relevant self-report scales, and each scale is critiqued by describing its general properties, factor structure, evidence of reliability and validity, and potential applications. Next, the authors examine competition, which is a state and trait variable related to achievement motivation, and the relationship it has to behavioural, physiological, and affective outcomes during virtual reality-based sport and exercise. The concluding study sets out to determine the relationship between the level of anxiety and student learning motivation, the relationship between student anxiety levels and student learning achievement, the relationship between learning motivation and student learning achievement, and the relationship between the level of anxiety and student learning motivation simultaneously on student learning achievement.
