A “lucid, careful, tenacious, and always accessible” inquiry into practical morality for everyday life by the author of The Roots of Evil (Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews). For centuries, moral philosophers have sought a single, overriding ideal that should guide everyone, always, everywhere. And after centuries of debate we’re no closer to arriving at one. In How Should We Live?, philosopher John Kekes offers a refreshing alternative, eschewing absolute ideals and considering our lives as they really are, day by day, subject to countless vicissitudes and unforeseen obstacles. Kekes argues that ideal theories are abstractions from the realities of everyday life. The well-known arenas where absolute ideals conflict—such as abortion, euthanasia, plea bargaining, privacy, and other hotly debated topics—should not be the primary concerns of moral thinking. Instead, Kekes focuses on quotidian dilemmas such as how we should use our limited time, energy, or money; how we balance short- and long-term satisfactions; how we deal with conflicting loyalties; how we control our emotions; how we deal with people we dislike; and so on. Along the way, Kekes engages some of our most important theorists, including Donald Davidson, Thomas Nagel, Christine Korsgaard, Harry Frankfurt, Charles Taylor, Alasdair MacIntyre, and Bernard Williams, to demonstrate that no single ideal—whether autonomy, love, duty, happiness, or truthfulness—trumps any other. Instead, How Should We Live? offers a way of balancing them using a practical and pluralistic approach.
