Beginnings.- Dilemmas and Craftsmanship.- Causal Inference in Randomized Experiments.- Two Simple Models for Observational Studies.- Competing Theories Structure Design.- Opportunities, Devices, and Instruments.- Transparency.- Matching.- A Matched Observational Study.- Basic Tools of Multivariate Matching.- Various Practical Issues in Matching.- Fine Balance.- Matching Without Groups.- Risk-Set Matching.- Matching in R.- Design Sensitivity.- The Power of a Sensitivity Analysis and Its Limit.- Heterogeneity and Causality.- Uncommon but Dramatic Responses to Treatment.- Anticipated Patterns of Response.- Planning Analysis.- After Matching, Before Analysis.- Planning the Analysis.
