1. Introduction; Benjamin Goldberg, Evan Ragland, and Peter Distelzweig.- Part I Philosophy, Medicine and Method in the Renaissance.- 2. Lodovico Settala's Aristotelian Problemata Commentary and Late-Renaissance Hippocratic Medicine; Craig Martin.- 3. Renaissance Surgeons: Anatomy, Manual Skill and the Visual Arts; Cynthia Klestinec.- 4. Why All This Jelly? Jacopo Zabarella and Hieronymus Fabricius ab Aquapendente on the Usefulness of the Vitreous Humor; Tawrin Baker.- Part II Life and Mechanism.- 5. Machines of the Body in the 17th Century; Domenico Bertoloni Meli.- 6. "Mechanics" and Mechanism in William Harvey's Anatomy: Varieties and Limits; Peter Distelzweig.- 7. Descartes on the Theory of Life and Methodology in the Life Sciences; Karen Detlefsen.- 8. Mechanism, the Senses, and Reason: Franciscus Sylvius and Leiden Debates over Anatomical Knowledge after Harvey and Descartes; Evan Ragland.- 9. Louis de la Forge and the Development of Cartesian Medical Philosophy; Patricia Easton and Melissa Gholamnejad.- Part III Matter and Life, Corpuscles and Chymistry.- 10. Transplantation and Corpuscular Identity in Paracelsian Vital Philosophy; Jole Shackelford.- 11. Mysteries of Living Corpuscles: Atomism and the Origin of Life in Sennert, Gassendi and Kircher; Hiro Hirai.- 12. Mechanism and Chemical Medicine in 17th-century England: Boyle's Investigation of Ferments and Fermentation; Antonio Clericuzio.- 13. Boyle, Malpighi, and the Problem of Plastic Powers; Ashley J. Inglehart.- Part IV Medicalizing Philosophy?.- 14. Early Modern Medical Eudaimonism; Justin E. H. Smith.- 15. Tres medici, duo athei? The Physician as Atheist and the Medicalization of the Soul; Charles T. Wolfe.